BRYOPHYTES INTERVIEW QUESTIONS

Most Important Frequently Asked Bryophytes Interview Questions

Interview Quesions on Bryophytes

1. Question 1. The Divisions Bryophyta Comprises Of ?

   Answer :

   Liverworts and mosses.

2. Question 2. What Are The Two Generation Of Mosses’s Life Cycle ?

   Answer :

   Gametophytic and Sporophytic.

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3. Question 3. The Female Reproductive Organs Of Mosses Are Called?

   Answer :

   Archegonia 

4. Question 4. What Is Funaria ?

   Answer :

   Moss

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5. Question 5. Where Does Protonema Stage Occur ?

   Answer :

   Mosses

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6. Question 6. What Is Rhizoids Of Mosses ?

   Answer :

   These are multicellular and non - pigmented.

7. Question 7. Which Are The Three Group Of Bryophytes ?

   Answer :

   They are liverworts, hornworts and mosses.

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8. Question 8. Dispersal Of Brophytes Is Via ?

   Answer :

   Spores. 

9. Question 9. Of The Three Phyla Of Bryophytes, Greatest Diversity Is Found In?

   Answer :

   Mosses

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10. Question 10. Like The Rest Of Land Plants, The Bryophytes Are Evolved From Which Ancestors ?

    Answer :

    Green algal ancestors.

11. Question 11. What Are Bryophyta Often Called ?

    Answer :

    “ Amphibians of the plants kingdom ”.

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12. Question 12. What Is A Liverwort ?

    Answer :

    Any moss like plant belonging to the family ‘ hepaticae ’, but differing from true mosses.

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13. Question 13. How Many Species Of Are Classified In The Bryophytes ?

    Answer :

    Approximately 12,000 species. 

14. Question 14. What Are The Marchantiophyta ?

    Answer :

    They are a division of bryophyte plants commonly referred to as hepatics or liverworts.

15. Question 15. What Are Hornworts ?

    Answer :

    They are a group of bryophytes, or non - vascular plants, comprising the division anthocerotophyta.

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16. Question 16. Bryophytes Comprise Three Separate Evolutionary Lineages. Which Are They ?

    Answer :

    Mosses, liverworts and hornworts.

17. Question 17. Regardless Of Where They Grow, All The Bryophytes Require Which Media For Sperm Dispersal And Subsequent Fertilization ?

    Answer :

    Water

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18. Question 18. Give Some Peculiarities Of Bryophytes?

    Answer :

    They have no lingnin, usually are small, low - lying, moisture loving parts. They have no roots, only filamentous rhizoids. 

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19. Question 19. What Is The Role Of Bryophytes In Forest Ecosystem ?

    Answer :

    They act like a sponage retaining and slowly releasing water.

20. Question 20. Which Species Are Siad To Be “ Dioecins ” ?

    Answer :

    In some bryophytes, male and female sex organs are bone on separate gametophytes. These are said to be dioecins.

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21. Question 21. Which Are The Only Land Plants Whose Life Histroy, Includes A Dominant Gametophyte ( Haploid ) Stage ?

    Answer :

    Bryophytes.

22. Question 22. Give Occurrence Of Bryophytes?

    Answer :

    Bryophytes are terrestrial plants. They mostly grow in moist and cold habitats. Some species can grow in dry places. But they depend on moisture for the reproductive stage. Bryophytes have world wide in distribution. They are found in tropical, temperate, subarctic and arctic regions.

23. Question 23. What Type Of Sporophyte Is Found In Bryophytes?

    Answer :

    Sporophyte is totally or partially dependent on the gametophyte for its nourishment. It has simple structure. It is differentiated into foot, seta and capsule. The cells of the sporophyte are diploid.

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24. Question 24. How Does Vegetative Reproduction Occur Bryophytes?

    Answer :

    Vegetative reproduction is common in Bryophytes. It occurs during favourable growing season. Vegetative reproduction occurs only in the gametophytic stage. It takes place by the parts of the vegetative plant or by the production of special vegetative propagules.

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25. Question 25. Describe Alternation Of Generation?

    Answer :

    Regular heteromorphic alternation of generation occurs in bryophytes. The gametophyte produces haploid gametes. After fertilization the oospore gives rise to diplopod sporophyte.

    The sporophyte produces the spores by meiosis. The spores give rise to the gametophyte. Thus both sporophyte and gametophyte generations alternate with each other regularly.

26. Question 26. Give Two Similarities Between Bryophytes And Algae?

    Answer :

    Some algae and all bryophytes show alternation of generation. Gametophyte is dominant in both groups. Both produces flagellated male antherozoid.

27. Question 27. Give Two Differences Between Bryophytes And Algae?

    Answer :

    Algae are aquatic but bryophytes are terrestrial plants. Plant of algae is unicellular or simple multicellular in algae. But the plant body of bryophytes is multicellular and it forms tissues.

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28. Question 28. Give Two Similarities Between Bryophytes And Pteridophytes?

    Answer :

    Fic rootless sporophyte of Psilopsida resembles sporangium of Iryophytes. Both have terminal sporangia.

29. Question 29. Give Two Differences Between Bryophytes And Pteridophytes ?

    Answer :

    The sporophyte of Pteridophytes is independent. It has root, stem and leases. But the sporophytes of bryophytes are dependent on gametophyte. Vascular tissues are present in Pteridophytes but absent in Bryophytes.

30. Question 30. What Is Homologous Theory About Evolution Of Bryophytes?

    Answer :

    According to this theory, the sporophyte is not a new structure. It is produced as a result of the direct modification of the gametophyte. Thus sporophyte was a part of gametophyte.

31. Question 31. Give Occurrence Of Anthoceros. Name Its Different Species?

    Answer :

    Anthoceros grows on moist soil. They are present in shady places or in the crevices of rocks. Anthocero.s. erecrus, A. himahrvensis, and A. chumbensis are commonly found in Western Himalayas.

32. Question 32. How Does Growth Occur In Bryophytes?

    Answer :

    The growth occurs by single apical cell in initial stages. But mature plants have several scattered apical cells on the margin. So growth takes place at many points. It forms rosette like thallus.

33. Question 33. What Are Gemmae? Give Their Function?

    Answer :

    Gemmae are also produced on short stalks on the upper surface of the thallus. These are also act as vegetative reproductive bodies.

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34. Question 34. What Structure Are Produced By The Division Of Endothelium And Amphithecium ?

    Answer :

    The cells of the endothecium divide to form columella. The cells of the columella are arranged in a square in the transverse section. Cells of the amphithecium divide to produce an outer layer of jacket initials and an inner layer of sporogenous tissue or archesporium.

35. Question 35. What Is Apospory? In Which Plant Does It Occur?

    Answer :

    Certain cells of the sporophyte can develop into gametophytes directly under certain conditions. This phenomenon is called apospory. It produces diploid gametophyte. Apospory occur in Anthoceros.

36. Question 36. What Are Paraphylls?

    Answer :

    The superficial cells of the stem give rise to paraphylls. Paraphylls are filamentous outgrowths. They supplement the photosynthetic activities of leaves.

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37. Question 37. What Are Tubers? Give Their Function?

    Answer :

    These are modified special underground branches. These are formed at the end of growing season. They remain dormant throughout the unfavourable conditions.

38. Question 38. How Is Fertilization Occurred In Poreila?

    Answer :

    The neck canal cells and the venter canal cells of mature archegonia degenerate. They form mucilage-like substance. It exerts pressure and burst the cover cells. 

    The mucilaginous fluid oozes out of ruptured neck and attracts the sperms. A large number of sperms collect near the neck. But only one of them passes down and fuses with the egg to form the oospore.

39. Question 39. What Is Rhizome? Give Its Function ?

    Answer :

    It is horizontal portion and grows underground. It bears three rows of small brown or colourless leaves. It also bears rhizoids. The cells are rich in protoplasm and oil globules.

40. Question 40. Give Structure Of Leaf Of Polytrichum ?

    Answer :

    Leaves have broad bases. Leaves in the upper portion are green. But the lower ones are brown. Each leaf has a broad, colourless sheathing leaf base and narrow distal limb. The mid-rib forms the major part of the leaf. These leaves possess extra photosynthetic tissue in the form of closely set vertical plates of green cells. 

    These are known as lamellae. Green lamellae act as additional photosynthetic tissue.

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41. Question 41. What Is Archognial Head?

    Answer :

    The flask-shaped archegonia are borne at the apices of leafy stems. Archegonium is surrounded by perichaerial leaves. These leaves overlap to form a closed bud-like structure. The archegonia occur in cluster of 3 to 6.

42. Question 42. What Is Peristome? Give Its Function ?

    Answer :

    Peristome is present in the form of a thick rim. It bears a number of rigid teeth. The epiphragm fills the space inside the ring of peristome teeth and is attached to their tips. Peristome teeth arise from the rim or diaphragm.

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43. Question 43. How Are Spores Dispersed In Polytrichum?

    Answer :

    Cells of the epiphragm dry up during dry conditions. It separates the operculum. The calyptra falls. Epiphragm also dries up between the peristome pores. The central tissue of theca region except the spores degenerates. Thus the spores lie free in the centre of the capsule at maturity. Spores come out through pores. They are dispersed by wind.

44. Question 44. What Are The Main Characteristics Of Bryophytes?

    Answer :

    Bryophytes are nonvascular plants, meaning that they do not have conducting tissues and carry out the transport of water and nutrients via diffusion. They are cryptogamic, or rather, they do not present flowers or seeds; they are small in size; they present water-dependent fertilization; in their life cycle, the lasting form is haploid (the gametophyte) and the sporophyte depends on the gametophyte to survive.

45. Question 45. What Are The Main Groups Of Bryophytes?

    Answer :

    The main groups of bryophytes are mosses, liverworts and hornworts. 

46. Question 46. How Is The Transport Of Substances Carried Out Across Bryophyte Tissues? How Is This Feature Related To The General Size Of These Plants?

    Answer :

    In bryophytes, there are no water-conducting or nutrient-conducting structures and the transport of these substances is carried out via cell to cell diffusion. The small size of bryophytes relates to this feature because if there are no conducting vessels, it is not possible for cells to be too far apart from each other (the emergence of  conducting tissues in tracheophytes allowed their increase in size).

47. Question 47. What Is The Life Cycle Type Of Bryophytes?

    Answer :

    As in all plants, the life cycle of bryophytes is diplobiontic (the alternation of generations). In bryophytes, the lasting form is the haploid one.

48. Question 48. In General, Where Is The Sporophyte Located In Relation To The Gametophyte In Bryophytes? How Does The Sporophyte Obtain Nutrients?

    Answer :

    In general, the bryophyte sporophyte is a long, tiny stem that grows on the top of the gametophyte. The sporophyte depends complelety on the gametophyte to obtain nutrients.

49. Question 49. Why Can Bryophytes Be Considered The “amphibians Of The Plant World”?

    Answer :

    Like adult amphibians, bryophytes live in the terrestrial environment but depend on water to reproduce. For this reason, the nickname is justified.

Topic: Bryophytes Interview Questions
Interview Quesions on Bryophytes